A cancerous growth of cells in the kidney. In adults renal cell carcinoma is the most common form of kidney cancer and arises from the renal tubule. Surgery is the primary mode of therapy. Renal cell carcinoma is resistant to radiation therapy and chemotherapy, although some cases respond to immunotherapy. The following conditions increase the risk of this disorder: family history of kidney cancer, high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, male gender, and receiving dialysis treatments. Among children, a common form of kidney cancer is called a Wilms' tumor.